case study

Market Research on Prezi

terminology

Terminology

Convergence of Technology  -  All of the technology is working together for example,  Apple have produced the IPod and is always improving it. It is now possible to listen to music on it, watch films, listen to the radio and store photos on it. This is an example of all of the technology working together. 

Convergence of industrial activity – all of different parts of the music industry is working together e.g. marketing, publishing etc. Now all of these industries are working together in a label. You can argue that there is no need for there to be a Convergence of industrial activity because all of the sectors are there.

Synergy – The coming together f two separate media texts in such a way as to benefit both.

Conglomerate – an International company with a wide and varied range of commercial.

Globalisation – The growing tendency of industrial and commercial companies to merge and operate on an international rather than a national or regional basis.

Analogue Music – In media technology, a method of recording visual and sound images. Analogue technology down represents the shape r appearance of an object in an unbroken form.

Digitalisation – the process of moving from record plays to then CDs and now being able to downloads music and put them onto your mp3/IPods.

Vertical Integration - the merger or takeover of companies operating at different stages of the production/ distribution process.

Horizontal Integration - the merge of competing companies from the same line of business and involved at the same level of activate

Major Record Label - The music industry (or music business) sells compositions, recordings and performances of music

Subsidiary Label – a record label that has a lot of different smaller labels.

Independent Label - An independent record label (or indie record label) is a record label operating without the funding of or outside the organizations of the major record labels.

Niche Audience – the targeting of a small but significant group of consumers with a media product directed specifically at their interests 

Mainstream Audience – The uncontroversial, generally accepted attitudes beliefs and values of the majority population

Fans - A person who has a strong interest in or admiration for a music industry

Active Audience - When the writer expands the story to include multiple possibilities, the reader assumes a more active role. Contemporary stories, in high and low culture, keep reminding us of the storyteller an inviting us to second-guess the choices he or she has made.

Audiophiles - a person who is especially interested in high-fidelity sound reproduction.

Early Adopters - a person who uses a new product or technology before it becomes widely known or used.

Consumption - the act of consuming, as by use, decay, or destruction.

A&R – Artist and repertoire

These are the scouts which discover artists and sign them to labels. These A&R reps are the musicians' point of contact at the label during contract negotiations and they facilitate things like setting up the advance, booking recording sessions where required and anything else that needs to be done to act ready for release.
They help the artist develop, like marketing, choosing which songs may they record if they don’t record there own music.

Recording deal

A recording deal is a agreement between a record label and a recording or band. where the artist makes a record for the label to sell and promote.

Artists under contract are normally only allowed to record for that label exclusively, guest appearances on other artists‘ records.

Contract

A written or spoken agreement, Record deal, is also called a recording contract.

Royalties

There are four 4 different types of royalties, each derived from a separate and distinct copyright. The four potential sources of royalty revenue in the music recording and publishing industry are:

1. Mechanical royalties: paid from record companies for record sold based on the exclusive to reproduce and distribute copyrighted works.

2. Public performance royalties: paid by music users for songs in the operation of their businesses and broadcasts based on the exclusive right to perform publicly copyrighted works.

3. Synchronization fees: paid by music users for synchronizing music with their visual images based on the exclusive right to reproduce and distribute copyrighted works and to prepare derivative works of copyrighted material.

4. Print music income: paid by music printers for sheet music and folios based on the exclusive right to distribute copies of copyrighted material.

Marketing

The action or business of promoting and selling products or services.

Web 2.0

Refers to the second generation of the World Wide Web. The term "2.0" comes from the software industry, where new versions of software programs are labeled with an incremental version number. Like software, the new generation of the Web includes new features and functionality that was not available in the past. However, Web 2.0 does not refer to a specific version of the Web, but rather a series of technological improvements.

Meta-Tag

This is a special HTML tag that is used to store information about a Web page but is not displayed in a Web browser. For example, meta tags provide information such as what program was used to create the page, a description of the page, and keywords that are relevant to the page. Many search engines use the information stored in meta tags when they index Web pages

Download

This is the process in which data is sent to your computer. Whenever you receive information from the Internet, you are downloading it to your computer. For example, you might have to download an upgrade for your computer's operating system in order to play a new game (especially if you're using Windows). Or you might download a demo version of a program you are thinking about buying from the software company's Web site. The opposite of this process, sending information to another computer, is called uploading.

Streaming

Data streaming, commonly seen in the forms of audio and video streaming, is when a multimedia file can be played back without being completely downloaded first. Most files, like shareware and software updates that you download off the Internet, are not streaming data. However, certain audio and video files like Real Audio and QuickTime documents can be streaming files, meaning you can watch a video or listen to a sound file while it's being downloaded to your computer. With a fast Internet connection, you can actually stream live audio or video to your computer.

Peer to Peer

Stands for "Peer to Peer." In a P2P network, the "peers" are computer systems which are connected to each other via the Internet. Files can be shared directly between systems on the network without the need of a central server. In other words, each computer on a P2P network becomes a file server as well as a client. The only requirements for a computer to join a peer-to-peer network are an Internet connection and P2P software.

Piracy

When someone installs and uses commercial software without paying for the program, it is called "pirating" the software. This name comes from the traditional meaning of the word "pirate," which is a sea-faring criminal that steals and loots belongings from others. But far from the stereotypical sea pirate, a software pirate can be anyone who owns a computer. Software piracy is committed by simply downloading or copying a program that a user has not paid for.

Miniturisation/Portability

 The basic definition of miniaturization is "to make a version of something in a much smaller size or on a greatly reduced scale. In technology applications, the word miniaturization deals with the basic dimensions of the actual technology itself. In other words, miniaturization is making our electronic devices that we use everyday smaller and smaller. This enables us to carry them with us making them more and more portable.

Multi-track

Multitrack recording is a method of sound recording that allows for the separate recording of multiple sound sources to create a cohesive whole. Multi-tracking became possible with the idea of simultaneously recording different audio channels to separate discrete "tracks" on the same tape—a "track" was simply a different channel recorded to its own discrete area on tape whereby their relative sequence of recorded events would be preserved, and playback would be simultaneous or synchronized.

Sampling

Sampling involves taking snapshots of an audio or video signal at very fast intervals ? usually tens of thousands of times per second. The quality of the digital signal is determined largely by the sampling rate, or the bit rate the signal is sampled at. The higher the bit rate, the more samples are created per second, and the more realistic the resulting audio or video file will be. For example, CD-quality audio is sampled at 44.1 kHz, or 44,100 samples per second. The difference between a 44.1 kHz digital recording and the original audio signal is imperceptible to most people. However, if the audio was recorded at 22 kHz (half the CD-quality rate), most people would notice the drop in quality right away.

DAW

A digital audio workstation (DAW) is an electronic system designed solely or primarily for recording, editing and playing back digital audio. DAWs were originally tape-less, microprocessor-based systems such as the Synclavier and Fairlight CMI. Modern DAWs are software running on computers with audio interface hardware